{"id":24995,"date":"2024-09-04T10:36:07","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T08:36:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/?p=24995"},"modified":"2024-09-11T13:27:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T11:27:02","slug":"defending-democracy-party-banning-procedures-and-civic-engagement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/defending-democracy-party-banning-procedures-and-civic-engagement\/","title":{"rendered":"Defending democracy: Party banning procedures and civic engagement"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\n\t\n\n
\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Ever since the publication of Correctiv\u2019s research about a meeting between right-wing extremists and members of the AfD and CDU, people across Germany have been demonstrating against right-wing extremist tendencies for weeks. In this interview, Freiburg political scientist Marius Fr\u00f6hle and legal scholar Dr Rodrigo Garcia Cadore give their assessment about what society can do to counter anti-democratic movements<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

How can a democracy protect itself from anti-democratic tendencies?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Marius Fr\u00f6hle: <\/strong>Generally speaking, democratic institutions and processes must be strengthened and anti-democratic tendencies combated. Protecting the independence of the Federal Constitutional Court against anti-democratic interference in the spirit of a \u2018resilient democracy\u2019 therefore seems to me to be just as good an idea as focussing more strongly on combating right-wing extremism. In particular, I believe that the proposals made by Federal Minister of the Interior Nancy Faeser to facilitate financial investigations into right-wing extremist networks in order to \u2018dry them out\u2019 and to take a closer look at the international networks of right-wing extremists make sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rodrigo Garcia Cadore: <\/strong>From a legal and comparative perspective, party banning procedures are probably the most typical means of \u201cdefending democracy\u201d. As the Basic Law regards parties as crucial to the formation of political will, party bans are considered to be one of the sharpest weapons in the armoury of constitutional law – this is where party privilege comes into play: only the Federal Constitutional Court may decide on a ban and the threshold for this is high. Even if there is no need to shy away from thinking about the concrete application of this instrument, there needs to be an intensive social debate about the political appropriateness of such a ban, especially in the case of the Alternativ f\u00fcr Deutschland (AfD), which is now the strongest opposition party.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Do you think a party ban on the AfD is possible from a legal perspective?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Garcia Cadore: <\/strong>The legal component of this discussion does not seem to me to be the most problematic. In my view, it is now time for a broad and in-depth social discussion, accompanied by experts from various fields such as history, political science, law and sociology, on the opportunities and risks of a party ban procedure in a constellation in which the party in question represents the most important opposition force. The decision on whether to file an application remains a political one. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Correctiv research and further follow-up investigations have raised public awareness about the gravity of the situation; even if the Potsdam meeting, despite the participation of AfD leaders, does not yet provide sufficient evidence for preparing for a comprehensive ban. This event has reinforced the understanding that currents within the AfD want to impair or eliminate the free democratic basic order. The main legal problem is the imputability of the anti-constitutional statements and conduct either to the party as a whole or to the party associations, which should be based on a meaningful and broad collection of material. It should be possible to establish a planned approach. Qualified premeditated acts to impair or eliminate the core of the free democratic basic order have to be proven, which indicate something systematic and not merely random or isolated behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

What other measures could help and what citizens can do?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\t\n\n
\n
\n

Fr\u00f6hle:<\/strong> The social media platforms and, if necessary, the judiciary should more frequently and more consistently prevent and punish right-wing extremists from spreading hate and illiberal and anti-democratic positions online. However, democratic culture would also benefit if democratic citizens became more politically and socially active. There are many ways to do this, for example by joining parties and associations or taking on important honorary positions such as that of juror. In general, a democracy thrives on disputes and compromises. A constructive culture of debate in both private and public life is therefore essential and must be practised regularly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As far as the protests are concerned, it is of course a nice and certainly reassuring feeling for all democrats when so many different people can be mobilised to protect democracy. Overall, however, I would be rather sceptical about predicting an influence of the demonstrations on future election results – there is still some time until the state elections and the European elections and a medium to long-term effect of the research in general and the demonstrations in particular is questionable at best.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Garcia Cadore:<\/strong> One measure to be considered that could increase the stability and resilience of the liberal-democratic basic order would be to anchor the composition and working methods of the Federal Constitutional Court in the text of the Basic Law in greater detail through a legislative constitutional amendment. That would make sense because constitutional courts are often attacked by stakeholders hostile towards the system who come to power. Such stakeholders like to have judges in such top positions who they like to regard as their own judges.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/title>\n<linearGradient\n\tid=\"QSXBtaWfIe\"\n\tx1=\"50%\" y1=\"100%\"\n\tx2=\"50%\" y2=\"0%\">\n\t<stop\n\t\toffset=\"0%\"\n\t\tstop-color=\"#ffe863\"\n\t\tstop-opacity=\"1\" \/>\n\t<stop\n\t\toffset=\"100%\"\n\t\tstop-color=\"#ffe863\"\n\t\tstop-opacity=\"1\" \/>\n<\/linearGradient>\n\t<path\n\t\td=\"m26.15,59.82h0C11.99,59.82.5,48.33.5,34.16V.5h51.31v33.66c0,14.17-11.49,25.65-25.65,25.65\"\n\t\tstroke-width=\"2px\"\n\t\tvector-effect=\"non-scaling-stroke\"\n\t\tstroke=\"url(#QSXBtaWfIe)\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n<svg\n\twidth=\"100%\"\n\tviewBox=\"0 0 52.31 60.32\"\n\tfill=\"none\"\n\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\taria-label=\"\"\n\tclass=\"bl-relative bl-hidden dark:bl-block bl-w-full\"\n\trole=\"img\">\n\t<title><\/title>\n<linearGradient\n\tid=\"PanJh8bCMi\"\n\tx1=\"50%\" y1=\"100%\"\n\tx2=\"50%\" y2=\"0%\">\n\t<stop\n\t\toffset=\"0%\"\n\t\tstop-color=\"#00856c\"\n\t\tstop-opacity=\"1\" \/>\n\t<stop\n\t\toffset=\"100%\"\n\t\tstop-color=\"#00856c\"\n\t\tstop-opacity=\"1\" \/>\n<\/linearGradient>\n\t<path\n\t\td=\"m26.15,59.82h0C11.99,59.82.5,48.33.5,34.16V.5h51.31v33.66c0,14.17-11.49,25.65-25.65,25.65\"\n\t\tstroke-width=\"2px\"\n\t\tvector-effect=\"non-scaling-stroke\"\n\t\tstroke=\"url(#PanJh8bCMi)\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-89146599 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n\n<div\n\tclass=\"bl-@container\/teaser-person\n\t\tbl-bg-identity-lightblue bl-text-identity-black dark:bl-bg-identity-lightblue dark:bl-text-identity-black\t\tbl-relative bl-self-stretch\n\t\tbl-min-w-full md:bl-min-w-[660px] xl:bl-min-w-[310px] wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a\">\n\n\t<div class=\"\n\t\tbl-flex bl-flex-col bl-h-full\n\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:!bl-flex-row\n\t\t@md\/teaser-person:!bl-flex-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-object-cover\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:bl-w-[233px] @[500px]\/teaser-person:bl-min-w-[233px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@md\/teaser-person:bl-w-[310px] @md\/teaser-person:bl-min-w-[310px]\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 172 151\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"fallback image\" role=\"img\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<title>fallback image<\/title>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path id=\"Pfad 5\" d=\"M139.037 53.9457V53.6654C139.017 35.8483 124.509 21.4143 106.621 21.4143C88.7333 21.4143 74.2245 35.8483 74.2245 53.6654V53.9457C56.3366 53.9457 41.8281 68.3996 41.8281 86.2169C41.8281 104.034 56.3366 118.469 74.2245 118.469V118.749C74.2245 136.566 88.733 151 106.621 151C124.509 151 139.017 136.566 139.017 118.749V118.469C156.904 118.469 171.414 104.035 171.414 86.2175C171.414 68.4004 156.905 53.9659 139.017 53.9659M106.599 86.4972V85.9366H106.64V86.4972H106.599Z\" fill=\"#F5C2ED\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path id=\"Pfad 745\" d=\"M58.6736 58.2393C89.7601 58.1654 115.236 32.6778 115.496 1.36851V1H115.124C84.5944 1 59.4696 25.5469 58.2479 56.028C57.0258 25.5469 31.9012 1 1.37147 1H1V1.36974C1.25929 32.6788 26.7355 58.1656 57.822 58.2393C26.7355 58.3315 1.25929 83.7998 1 115.11V115.48H1.37147C31.9024 115.48 57.027 90.9329 58.2489 60.4518C59.4696 90.9502 84.5944 115.479 115.125 115.497H115.497V115.127C115.238 83.8168 89.7613 58.3485 58.6749 58.2563L58.6736 58.2393Z\" stroke=\"#FFE863\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path id=\"Ellipse 83\" d=\"M58.692 74.6683C68.0057 74.6683 75.5559 67.3168 75.5559 58.2482C75.5559 49.1797 68.0057 41.8281 58.692 41.8281C49.3783 41.8281 41.8281 49.1797 41.8281 58.2482C41.8281 67.3168 49.3783 74.6683 58.692 74.6683Z\" fill=\"#344A9A\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"bl-flex-grow bl-flex bl-flex-col bl-justify-between bl-h-full bl-px-[25px] bl-py-[20px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-px-[45px] md:bl-py-[40px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-px-[55px] xl:bl-py-[50px] [overflow-wrap:anywhere]\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-float-right rtl:bl-float-left bl-absolute @[500px]\/teaser-person:!bl-static\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-bg-pure-white\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-top-0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-right-[20px] @[500px]\/teaser-person:bl-right-auto\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-bl-mr-0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:-bl-mr-[5px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:md:-bl-mr-[25px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:xl:-bl-mr-[35px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:-bl-mt-[20px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:md:-bl-mt-[40px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:xl:-bl-mt-[50px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-w-[35px] bl-h-[40px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-w-[45px] md:bl-h-[50px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-w-[85px] xl:bl-h-[100px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-rounded-b-full\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-ms-1.5 bl-mb-1.5\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-drop-shadow-[4px_4px_10px_rgba(42,_42,_42,_0.60)]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 44 51\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\taria-label=\"person\" class=\"bl-text-identity-darkblue bl-w-[20px] xl:bl-w-[45px] bl-mx-auto bl-mt-[7px] md:bl-mt-[11px] xl:bl-mt-[20px]\" role=\"img\">\n\t<title>person<\/title>\n<path d=\"M21.875 25.25C14.9414 25.25 9.375 19.6836 9.375 12.75C9.375 5.91406 14.9414 0.25 21.875 0.25C28.7109 0.25 34.375 5.91406 34.375 12.75C34.375 19.6836 28.7109 25.25 21.875 25.25ZM26.7578 29.9375C36.1328 29.9375 43.75 37.5547 43.75 46.9297C43.75 48.7852 42.1875 50.25 40.332 50.25H3.32031C1.46484 50.25 0 48.7852 0 46.9297C0 37.5547 7.51953 29.9375 16.8945 29.9375H26.7578Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"font-medium bl-text-inherit dark:bl-text-inherit bl-m-0 bl-mb-[5px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-text-[1rem] bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.125rem] md:bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-text-[1.375rem] xl:bl-leading-[2.0625rem]\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tMarius Fr\u00f6hle\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-font-book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-text-[1rem] bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.125rem] md:bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-text-[1.375rem] xl:bl-leading-[2.0625rem] bl-mt-0 bl-mb-[20px] xl:bl-mb-[30px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[&_a]:bl-text-identity-black hover:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue-80 active:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue [&_a]:dark:bl-text-identity-black dark:hover:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue-80 dark:active:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-role=\"contactlist-item\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politik.uni-freiburg.de\/politik\/professuren\/vergleichende-regierungslehre\/mitarbeiter\/Froehle\">Marius Fr\u00f6hle<\/a> has been working on his doctorate at the Chair of Comparative Government under Prof Dr Uwe Wagschal at the University of Freiburg since 2020. He specialises in the areas of conservation and environmental protection in right-wing extremism, right-wing extremism and right-wing populism.\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.politik.uni-freiburg.de\/politik\/professuren\/vergleichende-regierungslehre\/mitarbeiter\/Froehle\" data-type=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-inline-block bl-font-medium bl-text-[1.125rem] xl:bl-text-[1.25rem] bl-leading-[1.5625rem] bl-no-underline hover:bl-underline bl-decoration-[2px] bl-transition-colors bl-duration-[400ms] bl-px-[26px] xl:bl-px-[32px] bl-py-[7.5px] xl:bl-py-[12.5px] focus-visible:bl-outline-dotted focus-visible:bl-outline-2 bl-outline-offset-[6px] xl:bl-outline-offset-[7px] bl-hyphens-manual\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-bg-identity-black bl-text-pure-white hover:bl-text-pure-white hover:bl-bg-identity-blue-80 active:bl-bg-identity-blue !bl-outline-identity-black\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdark:bg-identity-black dark:bl-text-pure-white dark:hover:bl-text-pure-white dark:hover:bl-bg-identity-blue-80 dark:active:bl-bg-identity-blue dark:!bl-outline-identity-black\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMore on this person\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div\n\tclass=\"bl-@container\/teaser-person\n\t\tbl-bg-identity-lightblue bl-text-identity-black dark:bl-bg-identity-lightblue dark:bl-text-identity-black\t\tbl-relative bl-self-stretch\n\t\tbl-min-w-full md:bl-min-w-[660px] xl:bl-min-w-[310px] wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a\">\n\n\t<div class=\"\n\t\tbl-flex bl-flex-col bl-h-full\n\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:!bl-flex-row\n\t\t@md\/teaser-person:!bl-flex-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-object-cover\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:bl-w-[233px] @[500px]\/teaser-person:bl-min-w-[233px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@md\/teaser-person:bl-w-[310px] @md\/teaser-person:bl-min-w-[310px]\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 172 151\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"fallback image\" role=\"img\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<title>fallback image<\/title>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path id=\"Pfad 5\" d=\"M139.037 53.9457V53.6654C139.017 35.8483 124.509 21.4143 106.621 21.4143C88.7333 21.4143 74.2245 35.8483 74.2245 53.6654V53.9457C56.3366 53.9457 41.8281 68.3996 41.8281 86.2169C41.8281 104.034 56.3366 118.469 74.2245 118.469V118.749C74.2245 136.566 88.733 151 106.621 151C124.509 151 139.017 136.566 139.017 118.749V118.469C156.904 118.469 171.414 104.035 171.414 86.2175C171.414 68.4004 156.905 53.9659 139.017 53.9659M106.599 86.4972V85.9366H106.64V86.4972H106.599Z\" fill=\"#F5C2ED\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path id=\"Pfad 745\" d=\"M58.6736 58.2393C89.7601 58.1654 115.236 32.6778 115.496 1.36851V1H115.124C84.5944 1 59.4696 25.5469 58.2479 56.028C57.0258 25.5469 31.9012 1 1.37147 1H1V1.36974C1.25929 32.6788 26.7355 58.1656 57.822 58.2393C26.7355 58.3315 1.25929 83.7998 1 115.11V115.48H1.37147C31.9024 115.48 57.027 90.9329 58.2489 60.4518C59.4696 90.9502 84.5944 115.479 115.125 115.497H115.497V115.127C115.238 83.8168 89.7613 58.3485 58.6749 58.2563L58.6736 58.2393Z\" stroke=\"#FFE863\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path id=\"Ellipse 83\" d=\"M58.692 74.6683C68.0057 74.6683 75.5559 67.3168 75.5559 58.2482C75.5559 49.1797 68.0057 41.8281 58.692 41.8281C49.3783 41.8281 41.8281 49.1797 41.8281 58.2482C41.8281 67.3168 49.3783 74.6683 58.692 74.6683Z\" fill=\"#344A9A\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"bl-flex-grow bl-flex bl-flex-col bl-justify-between bl-h-full bl-px-[25px] bl-py-[20px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-px-[45px] md:bl-py-[40px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-px-[55px] xl:bl-py-[50px] [overflow-wrap:anywhere]\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-float-right rtl:bl-float-left bl-absolute @[500px]\/teaser-person:!bl-static\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-bg-pure-white\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-top-0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-right-[20px] @[500px]\/teaser-person:bl-right-auto\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-bl-mr-0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:-bl-mr-[5px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:md:-bl-mr-[25px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:xl:-bl-mr-[35px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:-bl-mt-[20px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:md:-bl-mt-[40px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@[500px]\/teaser-person:xl:-bl-mt-[50px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-w-[35px] bl-h-[40px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-w-[45px] md:bl-h-[50px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-w-[85px] xl:bl-h-[100px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-rounded-b-full\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-ms-1.5 bl-mb-1.5\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-drop-shadow-[4px_4px_10px_rgba(42,_42,_42,_0.60)]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 44 51\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\taria-label=\"person\" class=\"bl-text-identity-darkblue bl-w-[20px] xl:bl-w-[45px] bl-mx-auto bl-mt-[7px] md:bl-mt-[11px] xl:bl-mt-[20px]\" role=\"img\">\n\t<title>person<\/title>\n<path d=\"M21.875 25.25C14.9414 25.25 9.375 19.6836 9.375 12.75C9.375 5.91406 14.9414 0.25 21.875 0.25C28.7109 0.25 34.375 5.91406 34.375 12.75C34.375 19.6836 28.7109 25.25 21.875 25.25ZM26.7578 29.9375C36.1328 29.9375 43.75 37.5547 43.75 46.9297C43.75 48.7852 42.1875 50.25 40.332 50.25H3.32031C1.46484 50.25 0 48.7852 0 46.9297C0 37.5547 7.51953 29.9375 16.8945 29.9375H26.7578Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"font-medium bl-text-inherit dark:bl-text-inherit bl-m-0 bl-mb-[5px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-text-[1rem] bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.125rem] md:bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-text-[1.375rem] xl:bl-leading-[2.0625rem]\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\tDr. Rodrigo Cadore\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bl-font-book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-text-[1rem] bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.125rem] md:bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\txl:bl-text-[1.375rem] xl:bl-leading-[2.0625rem] bl-mt-0 bl-mb-[20px] xl:bl-mb-[30px]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[&_a]:bl-text-identity-black hover:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue-80 active:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue [&_a]:dark:bl-text-identity-black dark:hover:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue-80 dark:active:[&_a]:bl-text-identity-blue\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-role=\"contactlist-item\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jura.uni-freiburg.de\/de\/institute\/rphil\/rtheo\/team\/cadore\">Dr. Rodrigo Cadore<\/a> has been a research assistant and lecturer at the Department of Political Science and Philosophy of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Freiburg since 2016. Since 2022, he has been a post-doctoral researcher with a habilitation project in the field of constitutional comparison under the supervision of Prof. Dr Matthias Jestaedt (Faculty of Law, University of Freiburg). Cadore is also Principal Investigator and Co-Coordinator of the Cluster of Excellence initiative Constitution as Practice in Times of Transformation (ConTrans).\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.jura.uni-freiburg.de\/de\/institute\/rphil\/rtheo\/team\/cadore\" data-type=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-inline-block bl-font-medium bl-text-[1.125rem] xl:bl-text-[1.25rem] bl-leading-[1.5625rem] bl-no-underline hover:bl-underline bl-decoration-[2px] bl-transition-colors bl-duration-[400ms] bl-px-[26px] xl:bl-px-[32px] bl-py-[7.5px] xl:bl-py-[12.5px] focus-visible:bl-outline-dotted focus-visible:bl-outline-2 bl-outline-offset-[6px] xl:bl-outline-offset-[7px] bl-hyphens-manual\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbl-bg-identity-black bl-text-pure-white hover:bl-text-pure-white hover:bl-bg-identity-blue-80 active:bl-bg-identity-blue !bl-outline-identity-black\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdark:bg-identity-black dark:bl-text-pure-white dark:hover:bl-text-pure-white dark:hover:bl-bg-identity-blue-80 dark:active:bl-bg-identity-blue dark:!bl-outline-identity-black\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMore on this person\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-ufr-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ufr-button\"> \n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/universitaet\/themen-im-fokus\/exzellenzstrategie\/\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"\"\n\t\tclass=\"\n\t\tbl-text-[1.125rem] bl-leading-[1.5625rem] bl-px-[26px] bl-py-[7px] bl-border-[2px] bl-gap-[8px] !bl-decoration-2 !bl-underline-offset-[5px] focus-visible:bl-outline-offset-[6px]\t\tbl-no-underline hover:bl-underline bl-font-medium\n\t\t\n\t\tfocus-visible:bl-outline-dotted focus-visible:bl-outline-2 bl-border-identity-black bl-text-identity-black\n\t hover:bl-bg-identity-blue-80 hover:bl-border-identity-blue-80 hover:bl-text-pure-white\n\t active:bl-bg-identity-blue active:bl-text-pure-white active:bl-border-identity-blue\n\t !bl-outline-identity-black dark:bl-text-pure-white dark:!bl-border-pure-white\n\t\tdark:hover:bl-text-identity-black dark:hover:bl-bg-identity-yellow-40 dark:hover:!bl-border-identity-yellow-40\n\t\tdark:active:bl-text-identity-black dark:active:bl-bg-identity-yellow dark:active:!bl-border-identity-yellow\n\t\tdark:!bl-outline-pure-white\t\tbl-inline-flex bl-flex-row bl-items-center motion-safe:bl-transition-colors\n\t\tmotion-safe:bl-duration-[400ms] justify-center bl-hyphens-auto\n\t\t\">\n\t\t<svg width=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 35 50\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\taria-label=\"chevron-right\" class=\"bl-w-[17px] bl-h-[20px] -bl-ml-[10px]\" role=\"img\">\n\t<title>chevron-right<\/title>\n\t<path d=\"M5.00012 5L25.6062 25.0002L5.00012 45\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"12\" \/>\n<\/svg>\n\t\t<span class=\"bl-inline-block\">\n\t\t\tMore information about ConTrans and the Excellence strategy\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"bl-@container\/teaser-service bl-bg-identity-rose bl-text-identity-black dark:bl-bg-identity-rose dark:bl-text-identity-black bl-self-stretch bl-px-[25px] bl-py-[20px] md:!bl-px-[45px] md:!bl-py-[40px] xl:!bl-px-[55px] xl:!bl-py-[50px] bl-min-w-full md:bl-min-w-[670px] xl:bl-min-w-[320px] wp-block-ufr-teaser-service wp-container-content-fad590e5\" >\n\n\t<div\n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\tclass=\"bl-float-right rtl:bl-float-left\n\t\t\tbl-bg-pure-white\n\t\t\t-bl-mt-[20px] md:-bl-mt-[40px] xl:-bl-mt-[50px]\n\t\t\t-bl-mr-[5px] md:-bl-mr-[25px] xl:-bl-mr-[20px]\n\t\t\tbl-w-[35px] bl-h-[40px] @sm\/teaser-service:md:!-bl-mr-[20px]\n\t\t\t@md\/teaser-service:xl:!-bl-mr-[20px] @md\/teaser-service:xl:!-bl-mt-[50px]\n\t\t\t@md\/teaser-service:md:!-bl-mr-[25px] @md\/teaser-service:md:!-bl-mt-[40px]\n\t\t\tmd:bl-w-[45px] md:bl-h-[50px]\n\t\t\txl:bl-w-[85px] xl:bl-h-[100px]\n\t\t\tbl-rounded-b-full\n\t\t\tbl-ms-1.5 bl-mb-1.5\n\t\t\tbl-drop-shadow-[4px_4px_10px_rgba(42,_42,_42,_0.60)]\n\t\t\tbl-justify-center bl-text-identity-darkblue bl-items-center bl-text-[15px] xl:bl-text-[40px]\">\n\t\t<svg height=\"100%\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" aria-label=\"fontawesome\/phone\" class=\"bl-text-identity-darkblue bl-w-[20px] xl:bl-w-[50px] bl-mx-auto\" role=\"img\">\n\t<title>fontawesome\/phone<\/title>\n\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M164.9 24.6c-7.7-18.6-28-28.5-47.4-23.2l-88 24C12.1 30.2 0 46 0 64C0 311.4 200.6 512 448 512c18 0 33.8-12.1 38.6-29.5l24-88c5.3-19.4-4.6-39.7-23.2-47.4l-96-40c-16.3-6.8-35.2-2.1-46.3 11.6L304.7 368C234.3 334.7 177.3 277.7 144 207.3L193.3 167c13.7-11.2 18.4-30 11.6-46.3l-40-96z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<p class=\"font-medium bl-m-0 bl-text-inherit dark:bl-text-inherit\n\t\tbl-text-[1.25rem] bl-leading-[1.75rem]\n\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.5rem] md:bl-leading-[2.25rem]\n\t\txl:bl-text-[2.3125rem] xl:bl-leading-[3.125rem] [overflow-wrap:anywhere]\">\n\t\tContact\t<\/p>\n\t<p class=\"font-medium bl-mt-[10px] bl-mb-0\n\t\tbl-text-[1rem] bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.125rem] md:bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\txl:bl-text-[1.375rem] xl:bl-leading-[2.0625rem] [overflow-wrap:anywhere]\">\n\t\tOffice of University and Science Communications\t<\/p>\n\t<p class=\"font-book bl-mt-[20px] xl:bl-mt-[30px] bl-mb-0\n\t\tbl-text-[1rem] bl-leading-[1.375rem]\n\t\tmd:bl-text-[1.125rem] md:bl-leading-[1.625rem]\n\t\txl:bl-text-[1.375rem] xl:bl-leading-[2.0625rem]\">\n\t\tUniversity of Freiburg<br>Tel.: 0761\/203-4302<br>E-Mail: <a href=\"mailto:kommunikation@zv.uni-freiburg.de\">kommunikation@zv.uni-freiburg.de<\/a>\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How can a democracy protect itself from anti-democratic tendencies? Marius Fr\u00f6hle: Generally speaking, democratic institutions and processes must be strengthened and anti-democratic tendencies combated. Protecting the independence of the Federal Constitutional Court against anti-democratic interference in the spirit of a \u2018resilient democracy\u2019 therefore seems to me to be just as good an idea as focussing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"editor_notices":[],"_show_in_pageentry_slider":false,"_pageentry_slider_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,28,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-contrans","category-excellence","category-research"],"featured_image_url":null,"featured_image_alt":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24995"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24995\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25061,"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24995\/revisions\/25061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni-freiburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}